![]() Minimization of analgesics and other medications known to adversely affect sleep should also be ensured. Therapy with attempts to minimize sleep disruption should be integrated among all of the caregivers. Underlying medical illnesses and medications can also dramatically affect a patient's ability to sleep efficiently. Noise, light exposure, and frequent awakenings from caregivers also add to these effects. Various factors including anxiety, fear, and pain are responsible for the sleep deprivation. Immune system dysfunction, impaired wound healing, and changes in behavior are all observed in patients who are sleep deprived. Sleep deprivation is pervasive in this patient population and impacts health and recovery from illness. Sleep patterns are significantly disrupted in patients who are hospitalized, particularly those in the intensive care unit.
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